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New useful features in Robot Framework 4 for automation developers

Robot Framework 4 introduces useful new features for automation developers: native IF / ELSE IF / ELSE conditional execution, nested control structures, skipping tasks on condition, and more!

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Robot Framework 4

Robot Framework 4 introduces useful new features for automation developers: native IF / ELSE IF / ELSE conditional execution, nested control structures, skipping tasks on condition, and more!

Native IF / ELSE IF / ELSE conditional execution

The simplest processes to automate are usually those where you go from point A to point B without making any decisions on the way.

However, there are times when you might or might not want to do a particular thing based on some condition. For example, if a specific input file already exists, you can skip creating it or retrieving it from some data source.

Robot Framework and Python have language constructs for modeling those decision points.

Robot Framework 3 provided a way to do conditional IF / ELSE execution using the Run Keyword Unless and Run Keyword If keywords:

*** Settings ***
Documentation     Robot Framework 3 IF / ELSE.

*** Variables ***
${CONDITION}=     True

*** Keywords ***
Do conditional execution
    Run Keyword If    ${CONDITION}    Log    True!
    Run Keyword Unless    ${CONDITION}    Log    Not True!

*** Tasks ***
Do IF / ELSE logic
    Do conditional execution

Robot Framework 4 introduces native IF, ELSE IF, ELSE constructs to achieve conditional execution in your robot, giving you new possibilities for implementing logic branching:

*** Settings ***
Documentation     Robot Framework 4 IF / ELSE IF / ELSE.

*** Variables ***
${CONDITION}=     True

*** Keywords ***
Do conditional execution
    IF    ${CONDITION}
        Log    True!
    ELSE IF    "cat" == "dog"
        Log    Dog!
    ELSE
        Log    Not True!
    END

*** Tasks ***
Do IF / ELSE IF / ELSE logic
    Do conditional execution

Read Conditional IF / ELSE IF / ELSE execution in Robot Framework for more information on conditional execution in Robot Framework!

Nested control structures

Robot Framework 3 did not natively support nested control structures (such as a FOR loop inside a FOR loop). Robot Framework 4 natively supports nested control structures, such as FOR loops and IF constructs:

*** Tasks ***
Use nested control structures
    FOR    ${i}    IN RANGE    10
        FOR    ${j}    IN RANGE    10
            IF    ${j} == ${5}
                Log    Five!
            END
        END
    END

Read How to use for loops in Robot Framework for more information on using loops in Robot Framework!

Skip task execution on condition

Robot Framework 3 supported two different statuses for a task: PASS, or FAIL. Robot Framework 4 introduces a third status: SKIP.

The new SKIP status is helpful in communicating that a specific action (task) was skipped when a particular condition was met:

Documentation     How to skip task execution on condition
...               using the new skip functionality
...               in Robot Framework 4.
Library           RPA.FileSystem

*** Variables ***
${FILE_PATH}=     ${CURDIR}${/}file.txt

*** Tasks ***
Conditional task: Skip if a specific file exists
    ${file_exists}=    Does File Exist    ${FILE_PATH}
    Skip If    ${file_exists}
    Create File    ${FILE_PATH}    Content

*** Tasks ***
Main task
    ${content}=    Read File    ${FILE_PATH}

Read Conditional IF / ELSE IF / ELSE execution in Robot Framework – Skip task execution on condition: Skip If, Skip for more information on how to use the new skip functionality in Robot Framework 4!

Further reading

Robot Framework has an easy-to-read syntax that you will quickly grasp. You can learn more about Robot Framework from these articles: